osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease that primarily affects the cartilage, the smooth tissue at the ends of bones where they form joints. Over time, the cartilage wears down, causing pain, swelling, and reduced joint movement. As the condition progresses, bones may rub against each other, leading to further discomfort and joint damage.

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Causes

  • Age: OA is most common in older adults.
  • Joint Injury: Previous injuries can increase the risk of OA.
  • Obesity: Extra weight adds stress to joints, particularly in the knees, hips, and spine.
  • Genetics: Family history can influence the likelihood of developing OA.
  • Overuse: Repetitive stress on a joint from work or sport can contribute to the development of OA.
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Symptoms

  • Pain: Aching in the joint during or after movement.
  • Stiffness: Joint stiffness, especially upon waking or after inactivity.
  • Loss of Flexibility: Limited range of motion in the affected joint.
  • Grating Sensation: Feeling or hearing a grating sensation when using the joint.
  • Bone Spurs: Extra bits of bone may form around the affected joint.

Treatment Options

While OA is a chronic condition, various treatments can help manage symptoms and improve quality of life:

  1. Medication: Pain relievers and anti-inflammatory drugs can reduce pain and inflammation.
  2. Physical Therapy: Exercises to strengthen the muscles around the joint, improve flexibility, and reduce pain.
  3. Weight Management: Losing weight can reduce stress on weight-bearing joints.
  4. Joint Injections: Steroid injections can provide temporary pain relief in severe cases.
  5. Surgery: In advanced cases, joint replacement surgery may be necessary.

Lifestyle Adjustments

Effective Treatments for Knee Pain - 2

Adopting a healthy lifestyle can help manage OA symptoms:

  • Exercise Regularly: Low-impact activities like swimming, cycling, and walking can maintain joint function without adding extra stress.
  • Balanced Diet: A diet rich in antioxidants, omega-3 fatty acids, and vitamins can support joint health.
  • Assistive Devices: Using braces, orthotic inserts, or canes can help relieve pressure on affected joints.

Preventive Measures

  • Maintain Healthy Weight: Reducing excess weight decreases the burden on joints.
  • Protect Joints: Avoiding repetitive stress and taking breaks during activities can help prevent joint damage.
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